Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Gabriel A Poem By Edward Hirsch - 995 Words

In the book Gabriel: A Poem by Edward Hirsch, he structure the elegy starting at the funeral home where his son Gabriel lays, he then is remembering all the events form Gabriel’s life leading up to his death. Edward Hirsch uses a three line ten stanza on each page, without punctuation. This is to signify that the starting and stopping of punctuation cannot unpack the hardship of outliving your child. The three line stanzas imply the book’s most painful suggestion that, â€Å"The dead are no more than how we remember them†. Edward Hirsch starts off the elegy by writing about when they were at the funeral home, and shocked by the sight of recently deceased son. Hirsch says, â€Å"And for a moment I was taken aback/Because it was not Gabriel/ It was some poor kid/ Whose face looked like a room/ That had been vacated†. He uses these descriptive words to set the emotion and sensitivity for the rest of the poem, which is bitter and disheartening. Hirsch’s poem is not polluted by rhyme or punctuation, Hirsch’s lines manage to manifest Gabriel’s wild child energy; like a fading memory of a boy running. But the form, enacts a grieving father’s struggle at ordering the chaos that is now in his life. When he writes of â€Å"Time with its medieval chambers . . . jagged edges/ and blunt instruments,† he is also talking about how he is writing the stanzas, lines, and words and how sometimes the stanzas are short and to the point. Which being quick-tempered and resentful is an emotion that is common

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Nursing As A Career In Nursing - 1092 Words

Abstract My name is Dania Infante and I am a BSN student at Florida National University. I chose nursing as a career path because I am a people person. I enjoy working and interacting with people on a regular basis as well as taking care of them. I know there are several careers that specialize in patient care. However, I chose nursing because I feel a nurse is in direct contact with the patient at all times. Nurses look after their patients in every aspect, physically as well as emotionally. They comfort not only the patient but also the patient’s family. Nurses do everything they can to make patients feel better. 1. Introduction that includes who you are and why did you choose nursing. I want to become a nurse because I consider†¦show more content†¦Nursing is the following: †¢ Attention to the full range of human experiences and responses to health and illness without restriction to a problem-focused orientation. †¢ Integration of objective data with an understanding of the subjective experience of the patient. †¢ Application of scientific knowledge to the processes of diagnosis and treatment. †¢ Provision of a caring relationship that facilitates health and healing. 3. Assumptions or underlying beliefs. Nurses are the heart of healthcare. They provide loving care when people most needed. Nurses are selfless. Always putting patients needs above themselves. They preserve human dignity and advocate for their clients on a daily basis. Nurses deliver patient care to patients and families following nursing values such as altruism, autonomy, human dignity, integrity, and social justice. Patients are the major focus of nursing. Nurses are responsible for patients well being when they are under their care. It is also a nursing responsibility to teach clients how to manage their medical conditions. Patients come to the hospital expecting a certain level of care. However, nurses must be able to delivery care efficiently. Nurses only exist to take care, advocate, teach and protect their patients. 4. Definitions and examples of the major domains of nursing. The major domains in nursing are person, environment and health. A person is someone with the ability to thinkShow MoreRelatedNursing : A Career As A Career In Nursing705 Words   |  3 PagesFrom a very early age I have had a passion and drive to help people. I was first inspired to go in to a nursing career by my grandmother who would tell me stories about her experiences as a midwife. One that stood out to me was when she travelled through a snowstorm to deliver a baby, and it is this level of commitment, care and compassion that I aspire to have. I have also found inspiration from my mum who is an ICU nurse and has always shared her experience and advice with me. This has been somethingRead MoreNursing As A Nursing Career1933 Words   |  8 PagesNursing is a very intriguing profession with an open door to many new opportunities. While in the field many exciting experiences may come at you. The medical field has always interested me, but I was never quite sure on what career w ould suit me best and was the right one to pursue. There are many nurses in my family: my mom, sister in law, my cousin’s wife Taylor and my aunt Julene. After hearing all of their exciting stories I decided that nursing is the perfect career. It provides a great placeRead MoreNursing As A Career1568 Words   |  7 PagesPrice, Hall, Angus and Peter (2013) â€Å"Nursing is described as a beautiful, rewarding and motivating career followed with an acknowledgement that nurses are underappreciated.† (p.7) Nursing is a profession that is organized and abides by a code of ethics where the individual is expected to honour these implementations. Nurses spend their career saving and promoting life and one of the most significant parts of being a nurse is to be a patient advocate. Nursing students tend to frequently enter theirRead MoreThe Nursing Career1082 Words   |  4 Pagesanalytical by defining a problem and use data to determine an effective solution. A PHN must be a ble to communicate effectively, and understand how the media delivers information. Of great importance is the role of cultural competency in public health nursing. Cultural competency is the ability to effectively consider the worldviews, healthcare practices and preferences of people from diverse, racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, and cultural backgrounds. The PHN must put an emphasis on prevention and focusesRead MoreNursing As A Career?1442 Words   |  6 PagesNursing As a Career? This research paper will help guide you into a career that has its pros and cons. What kind of education is needed to enter the nursing field? What the advancements are in the field of nursing? What is the earning potential of nursing? What the outlook on nursing in the future is and the different nursing work environments and so much more. The purpose of this is to inform anyone interested in becoming a nurse what you can do with your degree and most important, if this careerRead MoreThe Career of Nursing1259 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Boykin â€Å"Caring is the foundation of nursing† (Boykin et al, 2011) and in order to be a nurse, it is essential that a nurse can demonstrate and practice professional communication skills. Professional communication skills not only allows the nurse to provide different methods and tactics to communicate with patients of different needs and ages, but it enables the nurse to understand and to give the best possible care and outcome fo r the patient. Provision of information and handover isRead MoreCareers In Nursing By Betty Smith : The Career Of Nursing1121 Words   |  5 Pagesabout the career of nursing and I am going to explain how nursing is a diverse multidimensional profession. According to the article â€Å"Opportunities in Nursing† by Betty Smith â€Å"Nursing in general is concerned with the care of people’s psychological, social, and physiological well being†. There are various types of nurses such as registered nurses, nurse anesthetist, psychiatric nurses, nurse practitioners and many more. The article â€Å"Careers in nursing† by Linda Burnes illustrates â€Å"careers in nursingRead MoreThe Career Of Nursing Career1825 Words   |  8 PagesNursing When people are sick or injured they need someone to take care of them and may need to see a doctor. But usually there are other professionals who will see them first and provide hands-on care before the doctor arrives. Many of these professionals are nurses. Within the healthcare sector focused on the care of individuals, families and communities, nurses may help patients attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life. When considering a nursing career, one needs to be awareRead MoreCareer Research : Nursing Career1105 Words   |  5 PagesNursing Career Research After researching many nursing careers there are three that are stick out. Although salary is a big deal today, one must be aware of the specifics of a job to make sure they enjoy the job. Three interesting nursing careers are nurse educator, traveling nurse and a pediatric nurse. When thinking of a nurse educator, the name is self-explanatory. As explained in (â€Å"15 Highest Paying Nursing Careers [Infographic]†, 2017) a nurse educator is someone who has experiences in nursingRead MoreNursing As A Career Choice1714 Words   |  7 PagesNursing as a Ð ¡areer Ð ¡hoice. Anna Leonova Trent University Nursing as a career choice. As Mother Teresa said: â€Å"It is not how much you do but how much love you put in the doing†. These words can not but be common for nurses all over the world. Well, what makes them love their profession? How did people decide to make nursing their career choice? What are the reasons for people to start such a way of life? As it goes without saying, nursing can not be called a profession

Monday, December 9, 2019

The Welcome Table free essay sample

Understanding â€Å"The Welcome Table† One of the main focus points of all literary works is the theme of the story that is being read. To identify a story s theme you must look beyond what is happening in the story but look at what the story is really about. In this short paper I will be covering the theme of â€Å"The Welcome Table† and examples of certain elements of the story. Theme of â€Å"The Welcome Table† When reading writings of any kind you must try and understand what the story is really about instead of looking too much into what the story is being wrote about. For lots of pieces of literature that was written in the era before the 1950’s when writers had an underlying meaning for their writings that weren’t noticed unless read closely. In the short story â€Å"The Welcome Table† written by Alice Walker, you see the plot immediately start when an older black lady is at the front steps of a white community’s church. We will write a custom essay sample on The Welcome Table or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The story is obviously written in a time when black people where thought to be unequal to white people. Considering that the author of this short story was born in 1944 and growing up in a time when racism against black people was at the highest point. Throughout the entire story the theme is racism. Many of the people in the story saw the old lady as an invasion or maid, to the young usher telling the lady that this wasn’t her church. Then after the ladies in the church practically made the men throw this harmless old black lady out of a church, you could tell the theme had to be about race. The tone throughout the entire story that these people had against this old black lady, was not necessarily hatred but of disgust. The women made their husbands grab this old lady and take her outside into the cold. I wasn’t like this one old black lady was there to hurt anyone of disrespect the white people in any way but to come to church. As we look father into the story after the old lady is outside she sets the tone for more of an uplifting tone. As she is standing on the front of the church in the cold singing a sad song, she sees Jesus. As she is walking with him she is overjoyed and sings and uplifting song. Even though these people have disrespected her by kicking her out of a church, her faith is unbroken and she is doing as Jesus tells her to. Even though the story ends with the black families seeing her walking alone down the street, one can only think that she died somewhere and went to heaven to be with Jesus; almost like he was leading her there. There are many symbols in this story that can be referenced to many things. The story seems to be written during the winter since there was reference to it being below freezing outside. Winter is closely related to Death, and for me I let my mind wander to the death of the old lady, even though the story did not say that, that is what I have come to the conclusion. One of the other major symbols I see in this story is when the old lady first saw Jesus. She kept looking to see if he was carrying the lamb, like in the picture that she had. The lamb refers to gentleness, and since they were at a white church, the white referring to life. Even though the white people were so disrespectful to her and put her out in the cold she still kept her faith. See was ecstatic when she saw Jesus coming down the road, and made sure she got his attention so he would not miss her. Winter was there for the old lady and she knew it, so she went to the church to make her peace with Jesus and it just so happened that he was coming for her. Even though the white people were so cruel to her and the theme of this story is racism, the story also says don’t give up on what you believe even if it seems unrealistic. The old lady believes in Jesus, and the white people were not going to affect that no matter how they treated her.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Show About Nothing Essays - Seinfeld, Cosmo Kramer, The Apartment

Show About Nothing In the artcle, "Is Seinfeld the Best Comedy Ever?", author Jay McInerney agrees with Seinfeld the best comedy on television. Seinfeld is a real life show. The behaviors of Jerry, Kramer, George and Elaine, the failed communication, and the everyday embassassment represent "nothingness" but a peculiar everyday life. These "nothingnesses" happen to all of us, but when it is put on TV, people will laugh at these. Besides, the author appreciates the fact that Seinfeld is a New York story but it is filmed in Los Angeles. "The lumpy texture of life in the city, the random looniness of the street, the idioms and speech inflections of Manhattan, and the claustrophobia of New York apartment living" in the show fascinates the New Yorker as it is so real and funny. Seinfeld takes those little nothings and combines them to create something realistic. Nothingness and reality give the author the reasons to believe that it is the best comedy ever. When people consider Seinfeld as a"show about nothing". It could be humorous that "nothingness" can provide such an interesting topic for the comedies of life. In life people care about details and worry about trouble, the little nothings made are soon forgotten. Thus, these "nothingnesses" are actually fragments of out real life. Seinfeld gathers the nothingness into a show, and it spreads out the idea that everything in the show that actually happens all around us. For example, losing the car in a parking garage, working for an eccentric boss and coping with the trials and tribulations of dating, it is common for a lot of people. And these realities come into the nothingness of Seinfeld. In Seinfeld, the fabulous four characters George, Kramer, Elaine and Jerry share the nothingnesses which life have granted them. George cannot attract thr girl because of his limitiations as a short, bald, fat man. Kramer struggles with the fact that he has not achieved anything in his life yet.. Elaine worries her hold on to a good boyfriend and a good job for long. And Jerry, living with his nothing friends, as well as his own LEX Luthurs which seem to always abstract his plans to find his own Lois Lane and live the life of Superman. The four were cramped in small apartments of New York and live a life of nothingness. Besides, even the settings in Seinfeld for great adventures appear muchlike nothing. Seinfeld always takes place in Jerry's apartment. Jerry fears germs greatly so he keeps a neat apartment. From the apartment the four plan trips to the movies or coffee shops. The coffee shop is a place where Elaine, George, and Jerry converse. The movie house is a place where Jerry, George, and Elaine often go to watch movies together or bring dates. Jerry gets caught making out during Shindlers List. Elaine gets caught not like the English Patient. They always get into trouble at the movie theater. The settings of Seinfeld are simple in design, telling people that they are living in a common way. In conclusion, I agree with the description that Seinfeld is a "show about nothing". However, the nothingness in the show actually represent reality. That is, Seinfels is a"show about reality". George, Kramer, Elaine, and Jerry are not stereotyped, they have unique characters and they just represent the way that they live. The settings are simple and make people more easily to get connected with them. And the plot, it is about fragments of lives. It is a show about reality that it may happen around us. Seinfeld creates an identity that watching "nothing" can present laughter and humor to everyone. Besides, the gift of "nothingness" has transformed the lives of millions around the world.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

3 Common Types of Phrasal-Adjective Hyphenation Errors

3 Common Types of Phrasal-Adjective Hyphenation Errors 3 Common Types of Phrasal-Adjective Hyphenation Errors 3 Common Types of Phrasal-Adjective Hyphenation Errors By Mark Nichol One of the most ubiquitous categories of error in written composition is failure to provide a visual clue to readers that two or more words preceding a noun are temporarily functioning as a single unit of information. After each of the sentences below, a discussion explains one of several types of such mistakes, and revisions demonstrate correct usage. 1. This new work will represent one of the highest profile projects. The basic phrasal adjective consist of two words combined to modify a noun, and the basic error in the use of phrasal adjectives is to omit a hyphen, which is often (but not always) necessary: â€Å"This new work will represent one of the highest-profile projects.† (Exceptions include terms listed in the dictionary as open permanent compounds, such as â€Å"income tax.†) 2. The agency recommends removal of the four-business day limit. Another type of hyphenation error with phrasal adjectives is hyphenating only the first and second words in a three-word string that modifies a noun. Here, the sentence is revised to reflect that the reference is to a limit of four business days, not a day limit of four businesses: â€Å"The agency recommends removal of the four-business-day limit.† 3. This guide includes a special supplement on the first of its kind regulation requiring certification and screening programs. Errors also occur when a writer fails to acknowledge that an entire phrase- which, like other phrasal adjectives, needs no hyphenation in isolation (For example, in â€Å"This regulation is the first of its kind†)- requires the connective symbols in before-the-noun mode: â€Å"This guide includes a special supplement on the first-of-its-kind regulation requiring certification and screening programs.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Mostly Small But Expressive InterjectionsDriver License vs. Driver’s LicenseOne "L" or Two?

Saturday, November 23, 2019

The Best AP Biology Notes to Study With

The Best AP Biology Notes to Study With SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips It's natural for your in-class notes to get a little disorganized in a course that covers as much material as AP Biology. If you're missing a couple of sections of notes or if you just want to see a clearer outline of how the course is structured, this article will be helpful. I've compiled all the information you need to know for the AP Biology test in the form of links to online notes and descriptions of labs. I'll also follow up with some tips on using these notes effectively. How to Use These AP Biology Notes The notes in this article can be used to study for tests throughout the year that deal with smaller portions of the curriculum, or they can be referenced in your studying for the final exam. In both cases, supplement them with information from a textbook and/or review book. You should also incorporate practice questions, quizzes, and tests into your studying to solidify your knowledge of the material. You can find these resources in my AP Biology study guide, a review book, your textbook, or the materials provided by your teacher. In-class tests, quizzes, and labs are also useful study aids. Don’t just read through the notes once and expect to do well! Since AP Biology requires a significant amount of analysis and critical thinking beyond memorization, you need to practice answering questions that test skills beyond the basic knowledge you’ll get from the notes. If you’re using these notes to study for a particular portion of the AP Biology course, you can find the appropriate topic area in the list below. I’ve organized the topics according to the four Big Ideas of the course so that you can find the unit you're looking for more easily. If you’re using these notes to study for the final exam, assess your strengths and weaknesses first so that you can prioritize the right content areas. Take a diagnostic test to determine how high you’re currently scoring and which types of questions give you the most trouble. You can use a test from a review book, or you can use one that you find online (just make sure it's the new version with 69 questions on the multiple choice section!). Print it out and give yourself the appropriate amount of time for each section so that you’re not caught off-guard by time constraints on the real exam. If you're practicing for in-class tests, you should also rehearse your creepy stare so that your teacher will be too terrified to give you anything less than an A. AP Biology Notes In this section, I’ll give you links to some resources for notes on every aspect of the AP Biology curriculum. Make sure you supplement them with class notes and records of your lab assignments. CourseNotes I found some of the most comprehensive and up-to-date AP Biology notes on CourseNotes. I’ve provided links to notes on specific topics to make it easier for you to target areas that are difficult for you. One downside to these notes is that there’s a ton of text and no pictures to break it up. If you find that this format doesn’t work well for you, consider getting a review book or consulting one of the other resources I’ll list in the next section. Big Idea 1: The Process of Evolution Drives the Diversity and Unity of Life Includes: Natural selection Hardy-Weinberg Biodiversity Vertebrates Invertebrates Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Protists Fungi Plant evolution Animal evolution Big Idea 2: Biological Systems Utilize Free Energy and Molecular Building Blocks to Grow, to Reproduce and to Maintain Dynamic Homeostasis Includes: Molecular biology Water Carbon/molecular diversity of life Macromolecules Homeostasis Photosynthesis Cellular respiration Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport chain Anaerobic respiration Metabolism Cell structure Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Eukaryotic cell structure Cell membrane properties Active transport Passive transport Phospholipid bilayer Immune response Big Idea 3: Living Systems Store, Receive, Transmit and Respond to Information Essential to Life Processes Includes: Genes DNA structure and replication Mendel and the laws of inheritance Cell cycle Mitosis Meiosis Cancerous cells Cell communication Viruses Endocrine system Nervous system Big Idea 4: Biological Systems Interact, and These Systems and Their Interactions Possess Complex Properties Includes: How Plants Work Plant Structure Transport in Vascular Plants Plant Nutrition Circulatory system and respiratory system Digestive system Excretory system Muscular and skeletal systems Ecology Behavioral Population Community So many Big Ideas! Other Content Resources There are also a couple additional places where you can find notes on specific sections of the course. These resources are slightly outdated (they're tailored to the format of either the pre-2012 AP Biology curriculum or older textbooks), but they still contain information that may be useful in your studying. This page, for example, has notes on most topics covered in the current curriculum. There are also these notes on the 7th edition of the Campbell textbook; it’s not the most recent version of the book, but it might be helpful. The main difference between these notes and the notes in the previous section is that they aren't organized by Big Idea (the Big Ideas are an innovation of the new AP Biology curriculum), so it's not as easy to connect terms and concepts to larger themes as you review. Lab Summaries There are thirteen labs included in the AP Biology curriculum. Here’s a link to a page that briefly goes through all of the labs you’ll complete in a standard AP Biology class. Labs are also categorized by "Big Idea." If you're using these documents to review your lab assignments, skip to the second section of each PDF (where the page headers become red instead of blue). Labs for Big Idea 1 Artificial selection Mathematical modeling (Hardy-Weinberg) Comparing DNA Sequences to Understand Evolutionary Relationships Labs for Big Idea 2 Diffusion and Osmosis Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Labs for Big Idea 3 Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis Biotechnology: Bacterial Transformation Biotechnology: Restriction Enzyme Analysis of DNA Labs for Big Idea 4 Energy Dynamics Transpiration Fruit Fly Behavior Enzyme Activity Make sure you also go through the actual lab work you did in class. Your own reports and data are the most valuable resources for reviewing this aspect of the AP curriculum. Big Picture Summaries The notes in this section are useful for revisiting major topics right before the exam. This packet covers all the main concepts you'll need to learn for AP Biology. You can also take a look at this extremely detailed review sheet that provides a similar rundown of the most essential parts of the course. If you want more guidance in your studying, consider buying a review book. Read my guide to the best review books for AP Biology here. AP Biology Studying: Let’s Talk Strategy Before you dive into the notes, read these tips so you can make the most out of the time you spend getting cozy with biological facts. Tip #1: Draw Diagrams and Rewrite Definitions There are many complex concepts that you’ll need to understand to do well on any assessment in AP Biology. These can be difficult to master just by reading notes. I find that drawing out the processes described in your textbook and notes can be very helpful in bridging the gap between memorization and genuine understanding. If you draw a diagram of the different parts of a cell or the process of cellular respiration, it will make more sense to you logically and will be easier to recall on the test. If this seems too involved, you can try rewriting the complex explanation in your own words to simplify it and make it easier to remember. Even just the act of writing it down will help you remember it better. Tip #2: Remember the Big Ideas Each concept in AP Biology falls under the larger umbrella of one of the four Big Ideas of the course. Remember not to lose sight of these ideas when you’re studying. As you review each smaller process or concept, link it back to a main theme. This will help you to contextualize it within the framework of the course as a whole and apply your knowledge logically to unfamiliar scenarios that may be presented on the test. In AP Biology (and the subject of Biology as a whole), everything is connected. Tip #3: Hit Refresh Remembering something right after you’ve studied it is one thing, and remembering it in the long term is another. After you get through a few sections of notes, go back and do a quick review of all the information you’ve learned. I’d also recommend doing this after you get through all the notes that pertain to a Big Idea for the course. It will help you to synthesize and retain the information so it doesn’t fall out of your brain as soon as you move onto the next topic (which can happen in AP Biology because there are so many details to remember!). Tip #4: Study the Method, Not Just the Information It’s easy to get caught up in going over the minuscule details of every topic in AP Biology, but you should devote at least some of your time to reviewing labs and general experimental principles. This includes concepts like dependent and independent variables, control groups, and unit conversions. You’ll see quite a few questions on the AP test (and most likely on your in-class tests throughout the year) that deal with experimental scenarios. It's much less stressful to answer these types of questions if you’re familiar with how similar experiments were conducted in your class. Conclusion You can continue to use this article as a reference point as you progress through the AP Biology curriculum. These notes should help you study for in-class assessments and the final AP test. Take practice tests often, and go over any areas where you feel less confident. If you take the time to prepare appropriately, you'll be pleasantly surprised by how little stress you feel on test day! What's Next? Is AP Biology especially challenging compared to other APs? Read this article for a detailed discussion on the difficulty level of the course and exam. Many students who take AP Biology also take the Biology SAT Subject Test. Learn more about the differences between the two exams and whether one is more important than the other in college admissions. As you review your notes for the AP, be sure to check out our biology topic guides. We go over the difference between homologous and analogous structures, what the photosynthesis equation is and how to use it, and the purpose of enzymes. We also teach you about cell theory and cell biology (including the cell membrane and endoplasmic reticulum). Are you planning on applying to Ivy League or other highly selective colleges? Find out how many AP classes you should take in high school to end up with the strongest chance of acceptance. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Introduction to Psychology ........Midterm quiz, Essay

Introduction to Psychology ........Midterm quiz, - Essay Example Moreover, some of the behaviors are the outcomes of unconscious mental activities. In other words, mental processes are conscious and unconscious. But we don’t know which behavior is the outcome of the conscious or unconscious mental processes. So psychological studies based on mental processes alone may not be logical In an experiment to determine whether a drug reduces anxiety, the experimenter manipulates who in the experiment gets the drug and who gets the placebo.   The variable that is manipulated is the drug.   In a double-blind experiment, neither the individuals nor the researchers know who belongs to the control group and the experimental group. In the above experiment the experimenter knows which subjects are getting the drug and placebo. In order to make the above experiment a double blinded one the experimenter should also unaware of what is given to the subjects.   A psychologist decides to study whether Buddhist meditation reduces anxiety and interviews 20 people who meditate regularly and 20 people who do not meditate at all.   The experimenter asks a series of questions designed to test anxiety level and finds that those who engage in meditation have less anxiety.     It is possible that people who are less anxious to begin with choose to meditate. Moreover it is not clear from the study that whether the subjects were suffering from anxiety disorders or not before the start of the meditation. It is also not clear that whether the subjects used any other medications at the time of testing the Buddhist meditations. The selection criteria of the subjects are also not evident from the study. It is quiet possible that some of the subjects might be children who usually experiences less anxiety compared to adults.    Identical twins come from same egg and sperm whereas the fraternal twins come from different eggs and sperms. Thus Fraternal twins develop

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 24

Case Study Example The advent of the internet has enabled the book publishers as well as book retail stores like B&N to sell e-books, devices to read them on, and apps that improve the reading experience. The publishing companies have been forced to commence releasing books as apps in addition to physical books. Book apps are adding new features, such as flip through photo albums, image enlargement, listen to music characters within the book, and read instant messages. The online booksellers as well as e-books do not have overhead costs. Following Porters value chain analysis, the primary activities are directly associated with physical creation, sale and support of the product (Porters, 2006). They comprise of: inbound logistics are processes related to receiving, storing and distributing inputs internally. The publishers print the books and store them internally; operations involve the activities that change inputs into outputs sold to consumers. This entails transformation of content to digital form; outbound logistics entails delivering the product to the customer. This is usually attained through apps; marketing and sales of e-books has been very competitive with firms like Amazon and B&N outdoing each other; service involves maintaining the value of the product. The booksellers have ensured that they develop an e-reader, market it, and set manufacturing and retail operations for the device. The publishing industry has been significantly affected by the new market entrants. The major competitors of B&N in the e-selling of books include Google, Amazon and Apple. The publishing companies are investing in resources like Kindle and iPads as delivery platforms for their books. In order to gain market share, a company needs to contend with increased competition. In the case of B&N, for them to gain market share and stay afloat they needed to contend with stiff competition from Apple, Google, and Amazon. Competitors such as Amazon aims at eliminating the publishers

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Marathon Running Essay Example for Free

Marathon Running Essay Runners come in all shapes and sizes. I have seen 300-pound men and women at the start of a race and in contrast the chiseled muscles of the elite runners. The reasons for running are as various as the runners themselves. Some run for weight lose, mental or physical health, competition, and charity. There are many physical health benefits for running; â€Å"Human bodies burn about 2,000-2,500 calories a day in normal activities. Running 5 miles a day can burn an additional 500 calories. † If this same formula holds true, a person completing a marathon will have burnt close to 2,600 calories. However, how fast a person doesn’t correspond with how much weight they may loose while running. â€Å"For example, a 220-pound person running an eight-minute mile burns 150 calories, while a 120-pound person running at the same pace burns only 82. Every person’s body requires an excess of 3,500 calories in order to gain a pound or a deficit of 3,500 calories in order to lose a pound. Thus, 180-pound person who runs 5 miles each day will lose about 5 pounds a month. However, as his or her weight goes down, he or she will burn fewer calories per mile† according to a study conducted at Vanderbilt University. According to Runner’s World editor Hal Higgdon. â€Å"Running can also have many psychological benefits. Most significantly runners typically report being happier and feeling less stressed than their counterparts who do not run or exercise regularly. Running actually has the ability to alter an individuals moods because hormones called endorphins are released while running. These hormones create a sense of euphoria often referred to as a runner’s high and can result in an improvement in the runner’s mood. † With these endorphins being released into the runner’s body, running can be very addictive. A man or woman can feel like they’ve been turned into Michael Jordan and anything, even running 26 miles, is possible. Running a marathon and the distances to train are also almost spiritual. When I run I am able to solve my companies, personal, families, and the whole worlds problems. I have come up with some of the most life altering and affirming choices in the sunrise of an 8-mile run. Running is also a great stress reliever while running I am able to focus on the road and the miles as they build. I am able to forget about the office, family, or other concerns. There are 26. reasons why a marathon is hard. To put this distance in perspective if you were to drive your car at 60 mph it would take a half an hour to drive that distance. But while running the marathon there is no downtime. You’re the machine, says physical therapist Jim Wharton of New York-based Wharton Performance, which trains world-class athletes. The debate about the difficulty of the marathon, doesn t center just on the physical aspects. Motivation, confidence and mental toughness are necessary, says Stephen Russo, director of sports psychology at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Health System. Running is painful; it’s tedious, and exhausting. After a few miles our bodies scream for us to stop and rest. When the body screams stop that is when the mind takes over and you keep running. Through my experiences in running and race competitions I can say a marathon is not something that can be described it is something must be experienced. In a marathon the participant will be competing against hundreds and in larger races thousands of other hopefuls. In many marathons time restrictions are placed on which the marathon will end. -8 hours after the marathon has began, barricades will be removed and the race rout will be dismantled. If a runner is unable to finish in the allotted time the race officials may take them to the finish line and will not allowed to finish. However during those 6-8 hours a runner can run, jog, or walk any distance they want. When Khalid Khannouchi won the London Marathon last year, he didnt do any walking: He set a world record of 2 hours, 5 minutes and 38 seconds. For elite athletes like Khannouchi distance running is a way of life. Marathoners seem either to be training or getting ready for the next workout. You wake up every morning and you know what you have to do. You have long mileage to accumulate. Sometimes youre already tired from your last two or three workouts. You still have to wake up, have the motivation and go outside and do the training. † Khannouchi said. For me running is not simply about the weight loss or the constant inquires of family, friends, and co-workers who ask, â€Å"How many mile(s) did you run today? † When I run I am only accountable to my trusty stopwatch and myself. The marathon is my Everest. I will be back. Standing there with hundreds of other runners in tank tops and short on a cold fall morning, waiting for the starter pistol. I dont run for the medal or the crowd I run for me. I run despite the 9 times out of 10 it will hurt, but I keep going. I run for that one time that it doesn’t and I am able to finish my run and look down at my stop watch and be excited about a new personal best time, if only a few seconds. I run because I know it will hurt but I keep going and I won’t give into the pain. I am an athlete. I am runner.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

The Roots of Human Nature Essay -- Human Nature Humanity Civilization

The Roots of Human Nature The roots of human nature are sunk deep into our history and experiences. When in our own lives we are to find the basis of our human nature, we must look to our early years, the formative years. Now take for example if we placed a newborn in the wild or in a high-class, well-mannered, wealthy family. The human nature of the newborn in the wild will be exactly that, wild and chaotic. While on the other hand the newborn in the well-mannered society will be well mannered and moralistic. Human nature is defined by the values that are taught and the values that society defines, if there are no societal values, human nature is doomed and lessened to that of wolves. Society defines the values and morals for its people to live by, common values. These values affect human nature and affect the way an even slightly self-conscious person behaves. An example of one of these societal values is table manners. Society has defined over hundreds of years of history to eat accompanied by utensils. So ciety also has set the value and that eating with your bare hands is â€Å"un-civilized.† Another example of a moralistic standard is not to steal. This value is taught by our parents and members of the society, the human society. So human nature has a conscience because of social morals and values. The formation and situation of human nature is dependent on these â€Å"guidelines.† Some people’s human nature may be to steal, maybe to survive but most humans have this as a wrong...

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

History of Electrocardiography Machine Essay

History of electrocardiography prevails over two centuries as an intellectual exercise as the process of inventing an electrocardiogram started with the Galvani’s idea of animal electricity. In 1842 this idea was further reinforced by Italian physicist Carlo Matteucci who illustrated by his experiments that electric current could be quantified from inactive heart muscle. German physiologist Emil Dubois-Reymond further explored this phenomenon and confirmed Carlo Matteucci’s conclusion and labeled this changing current in the resting muscle as â€Å"action potential†. He further developed a device that could deliver stimulation pulses to the muscles and was capable of computing discharge current of muscles at short intervals. In 1856 Rudolph von Koelliker and Heinrich Muller recorded an â€Å"action potentialâ€Å"on the spotaneous beating heart. But the major development came in 1872 when French physicist Gabriel Lippmann introduced a capillary electrometer. This capillary electrometer was based on the principle of â€Å"polarization† and â€Å"surface tension†. Structurally it was a slender glass tube with mercury-sulphuric acid base. The mercury meniscus stirred with the influx of electrical potential and was observable by a microscope. In 1893, Willem Einthoven who is considered as the inventor of modern electric cardiogram and its various principles used the term ‘electrocardiogram’ at a conference of the Dutch Medical Association. But major development occurred during the three years staring from 1901 when Einthoven dissatisfied with capillary electrometer and it slow response, designed a string galvanometer. This galvanometer contained a string eletromagnet to produce a magnetic flux, two piece poles, a quartz string between the two piece poles, peepholes in the two piece poles to observe the position of string. It further contained a lamp and timing systen to examine the shadow of string at different time intervals. The weight of this whole apparatus was about 600 pounds. He further modified the string galvanometer to invent a more effective electrocardiograms. However in 1902, Einthoven brought out the first electrocardiogram that was recorded on his string galvanometer. This was a giant’s leap in the history of bio-medical. In order to produce string galvanometer on commercial level, Einthoven discussed the possibilities with Horace Darwin of Cambridge Scientific Instruments Company of London. So this event made the electrocardiogram to come out of experimentation and to be used in medical profession. Einthoven, in 1906, circulated the first presentation electrocardiograms recorded with a string galvanometer. These electrocardiograms included the specimen of left and right ventricular and atrial, atrial flutter, ventricular premature beats etc. In 1910, Horatio Williams who was professor at Cornell University Medical College, New York issued electrocardiograms of patient that manifest atrial and ventricular ectopics, ventricular hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation and ventricular fibrillation that were recorded in hospital using a complex system of cables. This was first large-scale use of electrocardiograms in the hospitals. With the advent and introduction of vacuum tubes, the electric galvanometer was further modified and improved. In 1926, Ernestine and Levine used these vacuum tubes to produce enlarged images. Cathode rays tube further helped to produce portable electrocardiograms. Today electrocardiograms works on the same principles that were devised Einthoven in the first decade of 20th century. References Burchell HB. A centennial note on Waller and the first human electrocardiogram. Am J Cardiol 1987; 59:979-983 Burch, G.E. A History of Electrocardiography. Chicago. Year Book Medical. 1964. Burnett J. The origins of the electrocardiograph as a clinical instrument. Medical History Supplement 5: 1985, 53-76. Published as a monograph. The emergence of modern cardiology. Bynum WF, Lawrence C, Nutton V, eds. Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine:1985. Fye WB. A history of the origin, evolution, and impact of electrocardiography. Am J Cardiol 1994;73:937-949 Plonsey, R. Bioelectric Phenomenon. New York. McGraw-Hill. 1972.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Building stone conservation

The construction industry and its activities have an important role to play in socioeconomic development and quality of life. Construction activity accounts for more than 50% of the national outlays. Building Construction costs registered an increase in rates year after year at scales much faster than inflation. It is seen that in view of the increase in cost for basic input materials like steel, cement brick timber and other materials as well as the cost of construction labour, buildings cost increase at around 20% to 30% annually even when inflation is in single digit.Even though income levels of people are by and large brought in line with the levels of inflation through inflation indexed rise in salaries, year after year, housing is moving beyond the reach of the majority of the people. The reducing housing size for various categories in consecutive years in respect of the plinth areas, nature of specifications even with increased income levels would indicate the rapid increase i n cost of construction.The urban population growth has increased to more than 30%, and has made the need for adequate housing for low income people a very important concern for the government. However, the rush to respond to these needs seems to result in a low quality housing that does not adequately match the needs of these people. In countries where construction contributed 3-5% to GDP, an implication for development policy was that unless the construction industry grew faster than the economy as a whole it might constrain national development (Han and Ofori, 2001).The construction industry is a main contributor to the national economy, therefore the more developed the industry is the more the contribution to the economy. Similarly, a developing economy leads to more construction projects and purchasing ower means affordable projects. The interlink relation between the construction industry and the economy makes it clear that development can not occur without the other, although a growing construction industry does not necessarily mean a developing industry nor economy.In fact, the increase in construction prices could cause an artificial indication of the contribution of the construction industry to the GDP and economy. Furthermore the increase in construction costs always occurs faster than the increase in the GDP/capita. Approximate costs generally include mechanical and electrical installations, but exclude furniture, loose or special quipment, and external works. They also exclude fees for professional services and permission fees. The costs shown are appropriate to local specifications and standards.This should be borne in mind when attempting comparisons with similarly described building types in other countries. One of the main barriers to sustainability and sustainable construction will be affordability. The construction industry in developing countries cannot afford to make any dramatic changes but has to start improving the existing technology an d local resources it has. In less than two decades, the construction costs have increased by a considerable rate. This is in respect of the normal types of housing construction.Still higher levels of costs are registered for using better finishes and amenities. The current situation of un- affordability, necessitates the need for using economical solutions and appropriate designs and construction materials which can bring down the cost of construction within the affordability levels of the people, as identified in the Agenda 21 for sustainable construction in Developing Countries which concerns with construction economic efficiency through national and international housing policies that ensure adequate, affordable and sustainable housing.Authors such as Adebayo (2000), McIntosh (2000) and Aboutorabi (2000) has addressed out that the sustainability development of the built environment is significantly linked to affordability, and affordability will remain a key barrier to sustainabi lity. CONCLUSION The development of the construction industry should lead to affordable construction activities and materials, which is one of the main issues of sustainability in the developing countries. It seems that the development of the construction industry to achieve efficiency, quality, affordability and then sustainability is strongly tied to the economy.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Issues Around The Elderly And Mental Health Social Work Essay Essays

Issues Around The Elderly And Mental Health Social Work Essay Essays Issues Around The Elderly And Mental Health Social Work Essay Essay Issues Around The Elderly And Mental Health Social Work Essay Essay these people are now in their retirement old ages ( Summers Et Al, 2006 ) , and our population now contains larger per centum of older people that of all time. In society today elder people are going the fastest increasing population in the UK, National Statistics ( 2009 ) states that the population of the UK is ageing. Over the last 25 old ages the per centum of the population aged 65 and over increased from 15 per cent in 1983 to 16 per cent in 2008, an addition of 1.5 million people in this age group . Due to the addition of the ageing population we are now seeing emerging wellness and societal attention issues in our society. Many older people will be active, involved within the community, and independent of others. However, as you get older it is natural to see hurting, a diminution in mobility or mental consciousness. Mind ( 2010 ) states that the most common mental wellness jobs in older people are depression and dementedness. There is a widespread belief that these jobs are a natural portion of the ageing procedure, but this non the instance ; it can get down as early 40 but is more common in older people ( Royal college of Psychiatrists, 2009 ) , nevertheless, there merely 20 per cent of people over 85, and 5 per cent over 65, have dementia ; 10-15 per cent of people over 65 have depression ( Mind, 2010 ) . It is of import to retrieve that the bulk of older people remain in good mental wellness. Dementia chiefly affects older people, although it can impact younger people ; there are 15,000 people in the UK under the age of 65 who have dementia ( Alzheimer s society, 2010 ) . However, currently 700,000 or one individual in every 88 in the UK have dementia, incurring a annual cost of ?17bn, and the London School of Economics and Institute of Psychiatry research calculated that more that 1.7 m illion people will hold dementia by 2051 reported by BBC intelligence ( 2007 ) . The word dementedness comes from the Latin demens intending without a head . Mentions to dementia can be found in Roman medical texts and in the philosophical plants of Cicero. The term dementedness came into common use from the eighteenth Century when it had both clinical and legal intensions. Dementia implied a deficiency of competency and an inability to pull off one s ain personal businesss. Medical usage of the term dementedness evolved throughout the nineteenth century and was used to depict people whose mental disablements were secondary to get encephalon harm, normally degenerative and frequently associated with old age ( Kennard 2006 ) . From the twentieth century onwards scientific cognition was supplemented through the scrutiny of the encephalon and encephalon tissue which was founded and performed by a physician Alois Alzheimer ( Plontz, 2010 ) . The National service model ( Department of Health, 2001, p96 ) now defines dementia as a clinical syndrome characterised by a widespread loss of mental map . The term dementia is used to depict the symptoms that occur in a group of diseases that affect the normal on the job maps of the encephalon. This can take to a diminution of mental ability, impacting memory, thought, job resolution, concentration and perceptual experience, besides jobs with address and apprehension ( Mind, 2010 ) . Dementia is progressive, which means the symptoms will bit by bit acquire worse. How fast dementedness advancements will depend on the person. Each individual is alone and will see dementedness in their ain manner ( Alzheimer s society, 2010 ) . Symptoms of dementia include: Loss of memory, Mood alterations, and Communication jobs. In the ulterior phases of dementedness, the individual affected will hold jobs transporting out mundane undertakings, and will go progressively dependent on other people, two tierces of people with dementia live in the community while one 3rd live in a attention place ( Alzheimer s society, 2010 ) . There are many types of dem entedness, and some of the causes of dementedness are rarer than others, Alzheimer s disease is the most common cause, damaged tissue builds up in the encephalon to organize sedimentations called plaques and tangles , these cause the encephalon cells around them to decease ( Royal college of Psychiatrists, 2009 ) . Other most commonly known is vascular disease, Dementia with Lewy organic structures, Fronto-temporal dementedness. Largely, patients themselves do non show to the clinician with dementedness, owing to gradual oncoming and denial of the job. There is no remedy for dementedness but there is medicine that will assist to decelerate down the patterned advance of the disease. When happening aid for dementedness it is normally the primary carers, health professionals, protagonists, spouses or household members who initiate inquiring aid and a diagnosing ( Brodaty, 1990 ) . Depression may be misdiagnosed as dementedness the difference being that people who have depression are more likely to be cognizant of their issues therefore are able to discourse them, whereas person with dementedness may non be able to make this due to their symptoms. However, the Mental Capacity Act ( 2005 ) states that every individual has the right to do their ain determinations and must be assumed to hold capacity unless otherwise proven and people should be supported to do any determinations. Under the MCA, you are required to do an appraisal of capacity before transporting out any attention or intervention ( Office of the public defender, 2009 ) . The Mental capacity act is an act that protects single rights and ensures that the individual s autonomy is non taken. It is based on best pattern and creates a individual, consistent model for covering with mental capacity issues and an improved system for settling differences, covering with personal public assistance issues and th e belongings and personal businesss of people who lack capacity. It puts the person who lacks capacity at the bosom of determination devising and places a strong accent on back uping and enabling the person to do their ain determinations ( Office of the public defender, 2009 ) . However, even with a construction in topographic point to protect person s rights and autonomies many people who have dementia are more vulnerable to mistreat due to their deficiency of capacity. The University College London research revealed that a 3rd of carers admitted important maltreatment , in entire 115 carers reported at least some opprobrious behavior, and 74 reported more serious degrees of mistreatment ( Cooper et Al, 2009 ) . Health professionals can besides be on the having terminal of verbal or physical maltreatment directed at them by parents or partners who are confused and angry over worsening mental capacities due to stroke and Alzheimer s disease. In some instances, Alzheimer s disease or other signifiers of dementedness may do the patient to be uncharacteristically aggressive ( Coyne, 1996 ) . It is merely in recent old ages that maltreatment of the aged has become more evident, Crawford Et Al ( 2008, p122 ) argues that over clip it has really easy come to the attending of people in the last 50 old ages that abuse does really be behind closed doors ; in the 1950 s older people lived in big households where issues were hidden, and in the 60 s to 70 s older people started populating entirely or in residential places and it was non until the early 80 s that maltreatment had started to be recognised and defined. Penhale and Kingston ( 1997 ) argue that over the old ages it has been hard to underscore the issues of maltreatment due to non happening a sound theoretical base to which an understanding of a standard definition can be made and applied. Action on senior maltreatment ( 2006 ) defines elder maltreatment as A individual or repeated act or deficiency of appropriate action, happening within any relationship where there is an outlook of trust, which causes injury or hurt t o an older individual . Abuse comes in non merely physical maltreatment it comes besides in sexual, psychological, neglect, favoritism and fiscal every bit good. Older people may be abused by a broad scope of people including household members, friends, professional staff, attention workers, voluntaries or other service users, maltreatment can besides be perpetrated as a consequence of deliberate, carelessness or ignorance ( Royal pharmaceutical society ( RCA ) , 2007 ) . Maltreatment can happen in a assortment of fortunes and topographic points such as, in ain place, in a residential or twenty-four hours attention puting or infirmary and can by more than one individual or administration. Pritchard ( 2005 ) asserts that we will neer hold a true image of the prevalence of senior maltreatment due to the unreported instances, and can merely number 1s that are known to administrations and services. Most maltreatment is still unreported due to victims being frightened, ashamed and embarrassed to describe the maltreatment, non gaining their rights or non being able to due to tier mental wellness. Summers et Al ( 2006, p7 ) points out that those legislative acts that make abuse condemnable are frequently uneffective due to them non being utilised by the victim , and this means that this will be the biggest challenge and barrier for alteration in acquiring people to recognize the graduated table of the job and raising awareness so that the authorities agree to alter the statute law to protect older people. Abuse of any sort should non be ignored and there should be statute law to protect grownups from maltreatment like there is in kid protection, people who recognise the extent of senior maltreatment argue why should adults be treated as 2nd category to kids, is their agony and deceases any less of import? The Alzheimer s Society ( 2010 ) states that abuse of people with dementedn ess should be considered in the same manner as kid maltreatment . Crawford and Walker ( 2008, p12 ) province that prejudice refers to an inflexibleness of the head and idea, to values and attitudes that stand in the manner of just and non judgmental pattern . Thompson ( 2006, p13 ) defines favoritism as the procedure in which difference is identified and that difference is used as the footing of unjust intervention. A barrier to recognizing the maltreatment of people with dementedness and older people is that of societal stigma, negative perceptual experiences and intensions of words for mental wellness, such as baffled or doddering. Confused is something that we all experience at some clip in our lives, whereas senile is a more complex word and the first recording of its use was impersonal significance refering to old age, but now has negative intensions linked to mental diminution due to age ( Crawford and Walker, 2008 ) . Therefore, disputing people s perceptual experiences needs to done to alter these societal concepts to enable a alteration i n statute law and protection of vulnerable grownups. In March 2010 the section of wellness ran a series of runs to turn to hapless public apprehension of dementedness which included Television, wireless, imperativeness and on-line advertisement having real-people with dementedness ( Department of wellness, 2009 ) . In 2009 the first of all time dementia scheme was launched that hopes to transform the quality of dementedness attention, It sets out enterprises designed to do the lives of people with dementedness, their carer s and households better and more fulfilled It will increase consciousness of dementedness, guarantee early diagnosing and intercession and radically better the quality of attention that people with the status receive. Proposals include the debut of a dementia specializer into every general infirmary and attention place and for mental wellness squads to measure people with dementedness ( Department of wellness, 2009 ) . However, this is non statute law it is merely a scheme for covering with people with dementedness. The authorities are recognizing that there is small protection for vulnerable grownups and that farther statute law demand to be put in topographic point and saying that dementedness attention is a precedence ( BBC intelligence, 2007 ) . At present, there is no 1 particular statute law which straight protects vulnerable grownups, alternatively the applicable responsibilities and powers to measure and step in are contained within a scope of statute law and models, such as the Mental Capacity Act 2005 and Mental Health Act 2007 and the national service model for older people. One of the subjects for national service model ( NSF ) is esteeming the person which was triggered by a concern about widespread violation of self-respect and unjust favoritism in older peoples entree to care. The NSF hence leads programs to undertake age favoritism and to guarantee that older people are treated with regard, harmonizing to their single demands, specifically in standard 2 it relates to individual centred attention ( Crawford and Walker, 2008, p8 ) . And outlook of NSF is that there must be systems and processes put in topographic point to enable multi bureau working. In 2000 the authorities published No secrets which is counsel that requires local governments to put up a multi bureau model which includes wellness and the constabulary with a lead individual ( grownup societal attention ) to transport out processs into the allegations of maltreatment whilst equilibrating confidentiality and information sharing ( Samuel, 2008 ) . No Secrets is merely guidance and does non transport the same position as statute law, the LA s conformity is assessed through an review procedure, hence the LA can with good ground choose to disregard the counsel ( Action on senior maltreatment, 2006 ) . This has concerned bureaus who want to see the protection of grownups given the same tantamount precedences as kid protection and believe that statute law is the lone manner to carry through this. A reappraisal of No Secrets counsel has been carried out in 2008 and consulted with over 12000 people ( Department of Health, 2009 ) , the study found that over half ( 68 % ) of the respondents were in understanding to new safeguarding statute law and 92 % wanted local safeguarding boards to be placed on a statutory terms and still there is no statute law to protect vulnerable grownups ( Ahmed, 2009 ) . A recent article in community attention told the failure of the authorities to perpetrate to doing a policy has merely strengthened candidates fight and given rise to unfavorable judgment ( Ahmed, 2009 ) . The demand to protect vulnerable people brought about the protection of vulnerable grownups strategy ( POVA ) which is run by the Department of Health to modulate and supervise the employment of staff in the societal attention work force, through this strategy a list of people who are unsuitable to work with vulnerable people is unbroken. More late, the Safeguarding of Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 which was launched in 2008 replaced POVA with the Independent Safeguarding Authority ( IDeA, 2009 ) . The job with this is that maltreaters of dementedness sick persons are normally household member or informal carer that are under considerable emphasis and may non having aid from within the wellness and societal attention system, hence, an opprobrious state of affairs can transport on for some clip until the state of affairs is found by an foreigner. This state of affairs may merely be found when a informal carer starts inquiring for aid, and when informed of the state of affairs it is good pattern and indispensable to do certain that carers are acquiring the aid they need which can forestall the opprobrious state of affairss. Under the 1995 Carers ( Recognition and Services ) Act carers are entitled their ain appraisal of demand and by making so this may let for reprieve or payments to be made for their services ( Parker Et Al, 2003 ) . University College London research workers who interviewed people caring for relations with dementedness in their ain places stated within their research that Giving carers entree to reprieve, psychological support and fiscal security could assist stop mistreatment ( Cooper et al,2009 ) . When working with relations who are carers it is of import to retrieve who is the service user, although it is of import to determine the wants of the comparative it should non overrule the wants of the service user, this is particularly true when there is a break down in the attention of the service user and the carer wishes the service user to be p laced in attention. Many older people with dementedness receive attention in a residential place ; this may be due to household member no longer being able to get by with the attention of the individual. The local authorization has a responsibility to measure the demands of a individual with dementedness guaranting that their wants are heard and equal attention is put in topographic point. Assessment is an on-going procedure, in which the client participates, the intent of which is to understand people in relation to their environment ; it is a footing for be aftering what needs to be done to keep, better or convey about alteration in the individual, the environment or both ( Anderson Et Al, 2005 ) . The problem with puting people with dementedness in attention places is there are non plenty attention places specifically for people with dementedness and people end up in a place that do non hold trained staff to get by with single demands of person with dementedness, hence, people s wants may non be heard. As portion of the joint appraisal procedure it is the societal workers function to determine the wants of the person, this is done by measuring their demands in an holistic manner which includes and medical and societal facets of the individual. If there is uncertainty as to the mental capacity of the individual so a mental capacity appraisal will necessitate to be acquired by inquiring to joint buttocks with community psychiatric nurses ( CPN ) . Priestley ( 1998 ) states that the community attention reforms established the rule of joint working between wellness and societal services governments as a precedence for effectual attention appraisal and direction with societal servi ces taking the lead function . In decision at that place seem to hold been many displacements in the way of how policy and processs model and counsel attention for people with dementedness, although there is still no steadfast statute law to protect them. However, there seems to be more acknowledgment of the issues that surround dementedness and future ends are towards the preparation of people to understand those issues so that professionals are able to cover with the complex demands of a individual with dementedness. Word count 2969

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

The American Liberty Elm - Overview

The American Liberty Elm - Overview American Liberty Elm : The state tree of both Massachusetts and North Dakota, American elm is a beautiful tree but subject to getting a serious disease called Dutch elm disease or DED. The good news is that resistant tree strains are starting to improve the American elms situation. Elm Research Institute (ERI) has developed on of the best, called the American Liberty Elm, and offers matching grants to groups who want to plant the tree. Habit and Range: American elm is one of the most popular of urban shade trees. This tree was planted along downtown city streets for decades. The tree has had major problems with Dutch elm disease and has until now been out of favor when considered for urban tree planting. In North America, American elm attains medium to large tree status and grows 60 to 80 tall. American elm occupies one of the largest north-south ranges in North America - from Canada to Florida. Enter Elm Research Institute (ERI): A new matching tree grant program has been announced by Elm Research Institute (ERI), a nonprofit organization based in Keene, NH. This unique, community-oriented promotion features disease-resistant American Liberty Elms which are the only street proven, purebred, native American elms with a lifetime warranty against Dutch elm disease. This warrenty is backed by ERI. About ERIs American Liberty Elm Grant: How the Matching Tree Grant Program works:For every inch of caliper purchased in trees 3 inch caliper and larger, ERI will donate one 1 inch or 2 inch caliper tree for planting on public property.Your Options:(A) For every inch of caliper purchased in trees Size No. 3 or larger ERI will donate an equal total in Sizes No. 1 or No. 2 trees to be presented as a gift to your municipality for planting on public property.(B) You purchase (4)trees of any size and get {1) tree free. Says the Founder of ERI: “Liberty elms have become extremely popular with new home owners, builders, landscape architects, developers and contractors” says John P. Hansel, Founder of ERI. “We will extend the Matching Tree Grant Program to those who are specifying and planting American Liberty Elms.” Why Plant American Liberty Elms?: The American Liberty Elm has shown superior resistance to disease fungus inoculations over successive years, says ERI. The elm has had more than 20 years of street testing, growing in communities where Dutch elm disease is present. In an ultimate field test, losses among the over 300,000 trees planted have been less than 1 per cent. With more elms now on the market claiming resistance, you need to inquire about the origin and track record of any elm you are considering says Hansel. Why Plant an American Elm?: The American Elm displays a classic elm form, and is perfect for many landscape designs, including elm-lined drives, elm groves and specimen elms. As an elms matures, it displays wide canopies to heights that afford clear views of the architectural details of buildings and deep shade for people to enjoy.A favorite of Fredrick Law Olmsted, the American elm was included in his plans for the U.S. Capitol grounds, New York Citys Central Park and other projects. More on the Matching Tree Grant Program: For more information about the Matching Tree Grant Program, phone Elm Research Institute at 1-800-367-3567 (FOR-ELMS), online at www.landscapeelms.com or write Elm Research Institute, 11 Kit St, Keene, NH 03431. Individuals may also get a free 2-3 ft. tree with a $45 membership. Expert Comments on Elms: It is massive, long lived, tough, easy to grow, adaptable and blessed with an arching, wine-glass-like silhouette, making it the perfect street tree. - Guy Sternberg, Native Trees for North American LandscapesMost trees find life an ongoing struggle, but elms have been through a singular hell.- Arthur Plotnik, The Urban Tree BookFrom a pragmatic viewpoint, it is difficult to recommend this species because of the disease problem. If the newer, resistant selections prove successful, then I would consider planting...- Michael Dirr, Dirrs Hardy Trees and Shrubs

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Toyota Final Simulation Bus310 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Toyota Final Simulation Bus310 - Essay Example Here, the case study puts emphasis on the three organizational environments and how each contributed to the technological development. The success of every organization is highly dependent on such an organization’s resource composition and how best they mobilize those internal resources. The invention of the simulator portrays Toyota as an organization which mobilizes its internal resources: finances, natural and human resources to better satisfy their customers (Liker & Meier, 2006). With the final simulation at hand, it is predictable that Toyota is destined to gain a huge internal environmental support since, whenever an organization comes up with a new landmark invention; such an organization is always motivated to do even more. A motivated human resource, for instance, is always characterized by creativity and innovation as well as working towards the achievement of the organizational goals. Toyota is one organization that can highly be credited for how it has matched its internal environment to its external environment. The near external environment is always characterized with those factors that an organization has little influence over as opposed to the internal resources (Liker & Meier, 2006). The vital factors in the near external environment include the customers and the suppliers whose contributions are essential to the success of any organization. For most entrepreneurs, it is the customers and the suppliers that a company should hold dear to their activities. It is very logical that an organization that does not pay attention to their customers have no future. In coming up with the perfect simulator, it is predictable that Toyota fully exploited their near external environment. The customers for instance influence a huge amount of organizational decisions depend highly on the feedback such an organization gets from its customers. In fully implementing the driving simulation technology, it is

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Design of a three phase separator in oil and gas Thesis

Design of a three phase separator in oil and gas - Thesis Example Three-phase separators efficiently separate the effluents from gas oil and water to allow for individual treatment of the mixed fluids (Lyons, William, and Gary 165-173). The three-phase separator is for processing manufactured fluids from an oil sump. Its division is into an emulsion, oil separator, and water compartments. The separator includes a water dyke and control system that mechanically regulates the position of the water weir to retain the oil emulsion interface in the emulsion section significantly constant. The separator operating parameters and standards vary in accordance with the target fluid and the type of separation. According to the CDS separation technologies, the standard of a three-phase separator is in relation to the extent of its applications (Lyons, William, and Gary 185-197). The three common standards include the horizontal three-phase separator with a weir it is the lowest standard. The second standard, the separator with oil bucket and water dyke it is more advanced and requires no active interface control and a high standard separator is the one with the boot for moderate waters. The design of hydrodynamic of liquid-liquid separation in the three-phase separator is basing on the rules laid by the American Petroleum Institute design principles. Peng-Robinson equations of stage and successive substitution deem useful during the modeling phase of the separators (Arnold, Ken, and Stewart 129-134). The design appreciates the Monnery and Svrcek model in determining critical parameters of the vertical and horizontal separators like the diameters and lengths at different pressures. The design pressure decreases at every stage of the process. Modeling for optimizing the pressure of the three separators reduces the amount of gasses produced with oil in the multistage separators. Optimizing this model applies a written computer simulator with the use of

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Ethical presentation PowerPoint Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ethical - PowerPoint Presentation Example b. Starbucks Mission To inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup andone neighborhoodat a time (Starbucks b) c. Product range Starbucks offers a range of exceptional products that customers enjoy in their stores, at home, and on the go. Among these products are; Coffee with more than 30 blends and single?origin premium coffees. Handcrafted beverages of fresh?brewedcoffee, hot and iced espresso beverages, Frappuccino ®coffee and non?coffee blendedbeverages, smoothies andTazo ®teas. Coffee?  andtea?brewing equipment, mugs and accessories, packagedgoods,music, books and gifts. FreshFood baked pastries, sandwiches, salads, oatmeal, yogurt parfaits and fruit cups (Starbucks b). II. Position on ethical matters a. People – people are the most important asset in an organization. In Starbucks, the importance of its people are elevated in treating them as partners and implementing labour practices that is consistent with Starbucks Global Human Rights Standa rd where Starbucks promotes equal opportunity in its hiring practices, makes recruiting decisions based solely on job-related criteria and does not use forced labor. To quote Starbucks; â€Å"We respect diversity in each other, our customers and suppliers and all others with whom we interact.† Starbucks offers comprehensive healthcoverage for eligible full?  and part?time partners and equity in the company through Bean Stock as its expression of treating employees as partners (Starbucks a). b. Ethical Sourcing – Starbucks takes a holistic approach to ethically sourcing the highest quality coffee. Their purchasing decisions includes supporting farmer loans and forest conservation programs to areas where they buy their coffee. Through this ethical purchasing practice, Starbucks is able to help foster a betterfuture for farmers and help create a more stable climate forthe planet. In the business aspect, this ethical practice also helps to provide the company a long?term supply ofthe high?quality beans it has been offering to its customers (Starbucks d). c. EnvironmentalStewardship – Starbucks share their customers' commitment to the environment. One of its core values is the belief in the importance of caringfor our planet and encouraging others to do the same. It envisions that by 2015, all of its cups will be made up of reusable or recyclable materials. It also endeavors to significantly reduce its environmental footprint through energy and water conservation efforts, recycling and green construction (Starbucks d). d. Community Involvement – Starbucks endeavors to be a socially responsible member of its community wherever it may conduct business. From the neighborhoods where its stores are located to the ones where its coffee is grown –Starbucks believe in fostering thriving communities. Bringing people together, inspiring change andmakinga difference in people’s lives – it’s allpart of being a good neig hbor. Also, it aims to contribute one million hours each year to the communities in 2015 (Starbucks c). Enforcement of Starbucks ethical standard Starbucks implement a zero tolerance compliance to its ethical standards. Any suppliers who fail to adhere to Starbucks their ethical practices are discontinued from doing business with the company. During an audit of its suppliers in 2011, the assessment found that 38 out of 129 factories failed their zero-tolerance standards. Subsequently, 26 of these businesses were discontinued and 14 were able to resume business with Starbucks after a

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Karen Newman Othello Criticism

Karen Newman Othello Criticism In her 1987 article And wash the Ethiop white: femininity and the monstrous in Othello,1 Karen Newman sets out re-examine prior critical analysis of Shakespeares Othello with the goal to re-read Shakespeare in ways which [] contest the hegemonic forces, [his] plays at the same time affirm (158). Her argument scrutinizes the the male-dominated Venetian world (152) of the play and the criticism that it has generated against correlating historical perspectives. Her main thesis about the play asserts that the union of Desdemona and Othello represents a sympathetic identification between femininity and the monstrous which offers a potentially subversive recognition of sexual and racial difference. Employing a feminist approach Newman reveals the racial and gender prejudices inherent both in the play and the critique levelled at it from 1600 through to 1980. In seeking new ways of reading Othello Newman draws on Derridas poststructuralist ideas to establish parallels between the relationsh ip of gender and race. She contends that Desdemona and Othello are equally marginalized by Venetian society; Othellos race and Desdemonas progressive sexuality presenting equivalent risk to the dominant white male society. In verifying how these attitudes pervade the play itself, Newman points out that fear of miscegenation functions on two levels. Firstly Shakespeare uses the white mans fear of the union of black man and white women (144) to generate the plot, and secondly through the binary opposition of black and white characteristic of the plays discourse. To substantiate she quotes from the play: Black ram tups white ewe and O, the more angel she, And you the blacker devil. The last line illustrates what Newman terms rhetorical miscegenation. Outlining the frequency with which black and white were used to denote polarization during the Renaissance, (145) she comments on how the emphasis in Othello of Desdemona as the idealisation of fair female beauty is usually read to emphasise the contrast between these two characters, and declares that contrary to early critics she views Desdemona not as a representative of opposition to blackness and monstrosity, as black is to white, but as identifying with it. Newmans assertion that the play is structured around a cultural aporia, miscegenation is the first cornerstone of her argument. Newmans next device is to establish a link between femininity and the racial attitudes inherent in the play. Again she refers to Ridleys criticism, claiming that his choice of example portrays a generalization of women as petty, thereby confirming his gender prejudice. Ridley has displaced the struggle of white against black man onto a cultural femininity. Newman is sympathetic to Stephen Greenblatts (1980) view that Othellos identity is reliant on his loss of his own origins, an embrace and perpetual reiteration of the norms of another culture, but criticises this focus as failing to recognise the other as black and female: Othello internalises alien cultural values, but his otherness remains apparent, dividing him from that culture and thereby linking him to the plays other marginality, femininity. Newman claims critical considerations with regard to the symbolic significance of the handkerchief reflect gender prejudices. Reigning critical preoccupations result in the significance of the handkerchief being limited to a sign of adultery. Contrasting this she terms the handkerchief a snowballing signifier, acquiring figurative and literal meaning as it passes from hand to hand. Newman contests psychoanalytical readings as problematic since they privilege a male scopic drama casting the women as a failed man once again negating her otherness and limiting female sexuality to fetish. (156) Identifying racial attitudes as inclusive of attitudes towards black sexuality, Newman references popular travel accounts of the time, outlining African as presented descriptively [] but also mythically (148) concluding: always we find a link between blackness and the monstrous, and particularly a monstrous sexuality. These attitudes Newman asserts assimilated into the drama of early modern England. (149) Newman observes the portrayal of Desdemona as voracious and devouring with a greedy ear; threatening to masculine perceptions of femininity. Her desire is presented in terms of an aural/oral libidinal causing Othello anxiety. Newman sees this anxiety as having a duel source the monstrous difference it invokes against his adopted culture, and that it allies her imagined sexual appetite with his own. Othello and Iago are linked in representing white male sexuality in the play. Simultaneously and paradoxically Othello also represents the threat to it. Newmans investigation of historic al criticisms surrounding femininity as represented by Desdemona, uncovers several ironies. Rymer and Cinthio in a cautionary moral link Desdemonas social disobedience to her sexual duplicity. Othellos punishment of Desdemona however simultaneously confirms the cultural prejudice which labels him a monster. In addition Iagos dramatic construction which leads Othello to see Desdemona as a whore, demonstrates how theatrical representation can provide false influence. Newmans undoubtedly subscribes to a feminist school of criticism, seeking to expose the nature of gender inequality and opposing the inherent male hegemony represented within the play. In addition, by her own account, her reading is also political in that it exposes the ideological discourses which organise the text. She comments that poststructuralist approaches highlight that even highly formalist readings are political, inscribed in the discourses both of the period in which the work was produced and of those in which it is consumed. Newman references Derridas work on racism and in addition to employing deconstructionist discourse his influence can be seen in Newmans design. Recognizing the binary opposition denoted by the polarization of Othellos blackness and Desdemonas whiteness, Newman develops this to assimilate the implied opposition of monstrosity or miscegenation represented by Othello and femininity represented by Desdemona. Deconstructive discourse incorporates the notio n that difference exists both between signified and signifier, and at the same time that the signified defers meaning to the signifier. The role of the literary critic is seen as seeking a slippage in the text, thereby denoting duplicity and revealing how the internal linguistic and thematic rules are inexact. Newman finds this critical slippage in both Rymers Short view of Tragedy (1693) and again in Ridleys criticism 250yrs later, to be the lapse from blackness to femininity. (155) Newmans approach offers new and valuable insights through its address of past criticisms, detailing not only how they relate to the ideology of the time they represent, but also illustrating how criticism in itself can be read to demonstrate new ideas and ways of reading the play. Her analysis however, places its emphasis on the Desdemonas interracial relationship with Othello and how her disobedience to her father and her choice of black man threaten the prevalent white male hegemony. Newman does not address other characters marginalised through class distinctions and gender. One such relationship is that between aristocratic Cassio and the courtesan Bianca. The secret nature of their liaison is both essential to the plot but also preserves Cassios social standing. Cassio treats Bianca with little respect scorning her foolishness in loving him. Cassio, Iago and Brabantio all share a mutual sexist prejudice in a similar way to the racist disdain which shapes their worldview. Othello can be seen to be outside this racial bigotry but Newman does not address the question of whether he accepts the central stereotyped perception of women. Newmans outline of historical womens roles focuses solely on a westernized version of society and does not address the way in which women were historically regarded within non-westernized cultures. Hinging on the underpinning social apprehension with regard to miscegenation, Newmans argument takes it lead from Bennetts notion that the position a text holds within relation to the ideology at its origin is not necessary an indication of the position which it may subsequently come to hold in different historical and political contexts. Some critics however claim Newman is anachronistic, applying modern concepts of racism historically. Shakespearian audiences would have understood race in a totally different way to contemporary audiences. It would then follow that Newmans application of contemporary ideas with regard to other cultural constructs such as gender would be equally out of place. Acknowledging that Shakespeare was certainly subject to the racist, sexist, and colonialist discourses of his time, Newman declares that by making Othello a black man and through Desdemonas love for him, Shakespeare stands in a contestory relation to the hegemonic ideologies of race and gender i n early modern England. Newmans argument is detailed and engages the play against historical points of view, addressing feminist issues and at the same time employing poststructuralist thinking to achieve her goal of establishing a link between femininity and race. Newman sees such strategies of reading as a social responsible in that they illuminate artificial enactment of works which may falsely represent those marginalised groups standing outside culture and simultaneously within it. This representation she sees as being obscured by the immediacy of dramatic performance. Her analysis of Othello is a demonstration of how seamlessly racial attitudes in early English drama where transmitted to viewpoints surrounding gender and sexuality, illustrating how mutually constitutive race, gender, and sexuality can be.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Vasovagal Syncope Essay -- Fainting Medical Health Essays

Vasovagal Syncope My best friend "Dirk" can easily be picked out of a crowd. His 6'7 stature, impressive muscle mass, very blond hair, big blue eyes, and booming voice cause many people to stare at him-once, in Europe, a Japanese couple asked if they could take a picture of him. Addicted to weight lifting and athletics, my friend does not always enjoy admitting that he is a computer engineer-yes, my 22-year-old buddy is still afraid of the geek label. There is something else to which Dirk will not readily admit-he faints at the sight of blood. In fact, many things can trigger his fainting spells: blood, vomit, overheating, etc. Dirk lives next door to my parents; we grew up together. Recently, he and my sister ran over from his house to ours, which is a distance of about 50 feet. My sister had not worn shoes; when they got to our house, they walked through two rooms before Dirk got dizzy. My sister had cut her foot, and the blood that had spread over the tile floor made Dirk turn his head away, and sit down. My mother ran to the rescue-Dirk's, not my sister's. She helped him breath deeply, and luckily he avoided fainting. A few Christmases ago, Dirk caught a stomach virus. He made it to the bathroom just in time, but seconds after vomiting, he fell to the floor, and blocked the door. His parents frantically tried to open the door, they tried to revive him by screaming for probably five minutes, which seemed like an eternity to them at the time. Eventually they revived him. The summer before that Christmas, Dirk was golfing with his high school's golf team on a hot July afternoon. At the end of the course, he and his coach walked to the parking lot. All of a sudden, Dirk toppled like a tree onto th... ...ncope. Perhaps more research will lead to more conclusive knowledge about the condition. Works Cited: 1)Med Help International, This website offers a forum for those with medical questions, allowing them to ask the advice of a physician. http://www.medhelp.org/forums/cardio/archive/5482.html 2)London Cardiac Institute, This organization provides information to patients on several conditions. The patients are referred to the pages by their physicians. http://www.londoncardiac.ca/pages/vvs.htm 3)Karen Yontz Women's Cardiac Awareness Center, Health Wise Physician's Corner provides information about several medical conditions. http://www.karenyontzcenter.org/healthwise/phys_corner/phys_cor_Berger.htm 4)Tilt Table Test http://pwp.netcabo.pt/0413553701/tilt_eng.htm 5)Health and Age http://www.healthandage.com/html/res/com/ConsHerbs/Licoricech.html

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Identify and Respond to Children and Young People at Risk of Harm Part 1 Essay

CHCCHILD401B – Identify and Respond to Children and Young People at Risk of Harm Assignment 1: Off-the-job assessment You will need to have completed your readings from the OLS and be aware of the reporting procedures in your state/territory to complete the following questions and case studies. 1. Access the website from your state below and state what steps are required for making a report as a mandatory reporter.(copying and pasting from these sites is not appropriate and may result in a â€Å"Not Competent† result) Remember the following Protective Concerns Are: You are concerned about a child because you have: †¢ A child has disclosed (informed you) that they have been harmed or neglected. †¢ observed the child and seen indications that they are being abused or neglected. †¢ You have been made aware of possible indications of harm due to your involvement within the community outside of your professional role. At all times remember to: †¢always record any of your observations no information is irrelevant †¢ follow appropriate protocols of your centre and also child protection. †¢ consult notes and records †¢ inform and work with other workers that may need to know †¢ inform and work with other agencies if need be. 1. Step One Responding to Concerns  · If concerns are for a child that you believe is in significant risk of harm then you would refer to step four.  · If you believe that a family should be referred to child First then you go to step three  · In all other situations you go to step two 2. Step Two Forming a Belief on Reasonable Grounds  · Think about the level of danger the child may be involved in Is your belief informed that the child is at risk or is in significant danger think yes or no?  · Do you doubt the ability of the parents care toward the child or protection of the child yes or no?  · If yes for the questions you go to step four  · If you have concerns for the child or family refer them to child first if not in significant danger. 3. Step Three Making Referral to Child First  · Contact the local provider for Child First.  · Contact list is usually on department of human services website.  · Have notes with observations of the child and details about the family. 4. Step Four Make a report to Child Protection  · Call your local child protection provider immediately this is usually found on the department of human services website  · For after hours child protection emergency call the emergency line  · Have notes, observations of the child along with details of the family ready with you. Non mandated staff members that believe on â€Å"reasonable grounds† that a child is in dire need of protection are able to report concerns to child protection. 2. Where would you find information on how your service responds to Child Protection Issues? If unsure you can always ask your room leader or centre director to point you in the right direction. You will always find how your service acts and responds to child protection issues within the service policies and procedures and code of ethics. The overall regulations of how the service should respond will be found within the national regulations which is a set of guidelines for services and how they should be run. 3. 3. List the legislative acts that govern Child Protection Services in your state/territory. My state is Victoria and the legislative acts that are in my state are the following Principal Acts:  · Children, Youth and Families Act 2005 (as amended 2011) Other relevant Acts:  · Working with Children Act  · Child Wellbeing and Safety Act 2005  · The Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006  · Family Law Act 1975

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Since it's first introduction in the year 1983, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has very rapidly become a fundamental tool for improving the health and human life. PCR was developed by Dr. Kary Mullis, who was at the time working for Cetus Corporation as a chemist. PCR is the quick and efficient method for making unlimited copies of each and every inch of DNA. It can also be adapted to allow amplification of RNA samples as well as DNA samples from any type of organism. PCR is simplified into a 3-step process, which is repeated for 30-40 cycles. The procedure begins with the first step called denaturation. In the phase of denaturation, the structure of the DNA is altered. The double-stranded DNA melts and exposes into two pieces of single-stranded DNA at approximately 94 degrees Celsius. Transitioning into the second step called annealing or in other words, pairing up together. At a temperature of 54 degrees Celsius, the primers cool down and join to the single-stranded DNA or â€Å"template†. The double-stranded DNA then attaches to the polymerase and starts to shoot out copies. Finally during the last stage of the PCR process known as elongation or extension, the polymerase works it's magic. At 72 degrees Celsius the DNA building blocks are paired up with the DNA primers, to create a double-stranded DNA molecule. After all the processes are completed in one cycle round, a single portion of double-stranded DNA is finally enlarged into two separate pieces of double-stranded DNA. However, as the cycles repeat themselves, more and more clones are generated and the number of DNA copies are intensified exponentially. The procedure of doing a PCR is more vital than we may fathom. It has been found to cure and diagnose genetic diseases, locate bacteria and viruses, DNA fingerprinting, study paternity, biological relationships, and human evolution. All in all, PCR has become widely known to biologists, DNA labs, and many other forensics laboratories. PCR is also one of the quickest testing methods to many diseases, for example The Human Immunodeficiency Virus, commonly known as HIV. HIV is a very difficult disease to find and eradicate. The earlier tests depended on the presence of antibodies in the human bloodstream. When performing the antibody test, there may be no results until weeks after exposure to the virus. Nevertheless, when performing a PCR test results appear much faster, and as little as one genome among 50,000 host cells can be easily detected. PCR can efficiently detect the forensics of HIV, rather than the antibodies contained in the blood. The same goes for Tuberculosis, which are also complicated in sampling from patients, PCR tests speed up the results so that precautions may be taken as soon as possible. PCR testing is one of the many ways that can assist in detecting several diseases, and yet PCR is very vital to the human life.